Combustion-engine.



' CMBUSUON ENGINE. APPLICATION rxupmn. 5, 1911.

m1999253; I Patented .my 4, 1916.

` v 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

G. FORNACA..

COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLm'rlow FILED m1. 5. 19:1.

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G-UXDO FQRNACA, OF TURIN, ITALY, ASSIGNOR TO F. I. A. T., A. GORPGRATIGN OF NEW YORK.

COMBUSTIONENGINE.

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Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 4l, lilith To all 'iv/tom t may concern:

Be it known that l, GUIDO Founaea, a subject of the King ot' ltaly,'residing at Turin, in the Kingdom ot italy, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Coniliustiondlngines, of which the folloiving is a full, clearI` and exact specification.

r'his invention relates 'to combustion engines and has especial vreiierenee to improvements in the construction and arrangement of thegparts of a combustion engine, more especially intended t'or automobiles, Whereby the parts will be simplified and rendered more accessible, and also an improaed mode et operation secured.

The principal object of the invention is to provide 'an engineconstruction wherein euposed moving parts v'vill be entirely eliinif nated, and external piping and other parts reduced as much as possible thereby protect-u ing the moving parts, rendering .the operai tion of' the engine noiseless, and simplifying vits external appearance.

The invention has for another object to provide an improved engine construction wherein the cylinders are prete ably cast in one Ablock including a Water jacket integral therewith, and having improved means tor directii'ig and proportioning the circulation or' the 'water to the various cylinders, and also for insuring an equal` supply of heated combustible charge to the various cylinders.

The invention with respect to the various parts thereof will be more 'fully understood in connection with the description of the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure l is an elevation, seen from the left, of an engine embodying the invention; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing; the interior. of the engine; the. forward half being through the valves, and the rear half being;l through the cylinders;y Figi. is a transverse vertical section through the en haust valve oi' the second cylinder from the front; Fig. 4 is an end elevation 'partly in section showing the arrangement of the various shafts; Fig. 5 is a vertical transverse section through an exhaust valve, on the. line 5--5 ot Fig. 2, and Fig. li is a partial hori zontal section throilgh the exhaust pipe, on tno line (fw-G of Fig'. A

l represents the trame of the machine, 2 the radiator, supported near the bottom by trunnions 3 and flexibly supported at the top as through the hose coupling 4 leading Ytroni the water jacket outlet pipe (l is the radiator discharge pipe leadiiig. to the pump casing formed in the base 3G, and discharging by pipe S into the lower front portion oi the water jacket casing 9. The 'atei' enters the. water jacket casing; in 'a transverse dirr-ftimi at the lower front portion, and strikes the side of the exhaust pipe l2. This divides they stream, causing one part to pass over the pipe .l2 and transversely around and over the 1front cylinder. The bottom portion of' the stream .flows transversely under the exhaust pipe 12 and laround the lower portions oi" the cylinders. it the same time some of the stream iows longitudinally on the valve side along exiaust pipe l2 which is` spaced from the bottoni of the ivaler Iiatket, as seen in Fig. 3), and consequently, the entire cylinder casting will be equally ceoled. including the exhaust pipe 12, the inlet niai'ii'iold pipe ll., the valve chambers il, 25, the cylinder heads, ete. .The How of cool water entering au the boh tom divides into parallel Streams which iiow upwardly over each cylinder and then longitudinally to the sing e outlet. This flow will be aided by converti n, in addition to that due to the ,force derived from the pump. This prevents strains in the casting by reason ot' unequal temperaturesl at various parts. The water flows outward from the casting at the rarI end through a, port .l5- into a passage lil formed in the removable water jacket cover At the forward end, the' cover passage l-'l' is connected with the radiator inlet pipe 5 in the usual manner. li desired, more; than one port 13 may be }')rovided. i,lily this arrangement, the cylin der casting'is cooledy uniformly and thereby strains avoided, and also external piping;r is largely el"Juin-ated. as but a single short pipe connects the forward end ot the casting to 'the radiator. ln order to further direct the llo'w of water around the various cyliiiders,

including their heads, the inlet pipe ll andr exhaust pipe l2, baille plate-s are provided within tbe jacket, as tor instance 17, 18 in Fig. 2, and lll in lfig, l, these bailleplates also acting` as streingthening.ribs between the cylinders and the water jacket. rllhe charge inlet pipe ll. is herein shown as entering 'the casing` on the right hand side at about the nnddlc ot the Casin f, passing between the Cri ' second and third cylinders, and vthence branching in opposite directions by a pas- "f sage leading to a double inlet valve chaml5 "cally overhang the inlet and exhaust pas'- 'Ysagea and the wholecasting is thereby verycompact and all parts remain at practically "the samel temperature, owing'` to the effectivev ber 21, containing the inlet valves 22 for the first and second cylinders, and the thirdand fourth cylinders, respectively. The exhaust valves 24 open from their respective cylinders into exhaustvalve chambers 25, which open into thev exhaust passage 12 (see Fig. 3), which issurrounded by Water space. The utmost compactnes'sintransverse di- ,lnension is secured by this arrangement, it

being seen ,thatthe inlet and exhaust manifolds 20,- 12', -arebelw the respective Valve chambers/21, 2st- Thus thevalves practi-- land even water circulationto all parts.-

Froin the foregoing description it will be I seen that the inletmanifold-'is so arrangedasgto cause the chargeto loe-heated by the water jacket before it enters the cylinder,

and' the common exhaust pipe is also within the water jacket v and the 'exhaust cooled be fore leaving theengine. Itwill also be seen thalf'the respective valve chambers are Within the Water jacket, and that lconse-` y quently .all parts of the cylinders are kept at an equal temperature. This'is important in anengine of this'type wherein the cylinders are cast in onepiece, since otherwiseinjurious strains'would be lset up, which might cause breakage. `fnorder to secure this even temperature of all parts of the cylinder, the How of water to the various cylinders'v is proportioned, and also directed, so that all parts will receive a proper amount of water from the pump.

The cylinder casting, open at thebottom, is mounted on a base 30, having holes there through for the va'rious connecting rods, the

l engine in the usual manner.

shaft is what 1s known as. a three bearing baseV having transverse arms 31 at each end which are fastened to the frame in-the'usual manner. lThe crank shaft 32 carries Aa iiywheel 33 at the rear end. and is mounted to be turned' by starting crank '34 to start the The crank crankshaft; that is, it has a bearing 35 at each end, and an intermediate bearing 36' between the pairs of cylinders, it being understood that the invention is not restricted to a motor having four cylinders, nor tol any particular number of bearings. The

base 30 lis constructed' to withstand the strains from ythe crank shaft and carriesl complete the bearings 35, and also the other bearings and shafts. ln order to protect the crank shaft, a crank case or bottom cover l 37, is dctachably secured to the bottom of the base :is by bolts 370 and this crank case is termed to provide an oil reservoir lwhich can be filled through pipe 38 and from the struts 47, at the ends and middle of -the'base By this arrangement, a propor-l casting. tionate supply of oil is supplied to the varions bearings according to thespeed ofv thev lengine, and also it will'zbe` seen Ithat the pistons, crank pins and bearings will be lubricated by the splash from the oil contained in the detachable crank case.

`The crank shaft 32 carries at its'forward endA a gear 50, which meshes with a gear 51` `splined to the end of cam shaft 52, the gear 51 having a front bearing 53. At the center of the base casting" 30`tl'ie cam shaft'has ordinary bearings 54. Rigid with the cam 52 is a worm 'pinion 55 which meshes with a similar inion 56 carried by a transverse shaft 57 see Figs. 2 and 4), this shaft 57 having a thrust bearing 58 journaled in the 4forward end of the base casting 30. The

gear-51 is twice the' diameter of gear 50, so that the cam shaft 52 will be driven at one half of the speed of the crank shaft 32,

and the pinion 55 is twice the diameter of pinion 56, so that shaft 57 will be driven at the same speed as the main shaft 32, though of course any other ratio could be employed.

60 represents the magneto which is herein shown as mounted on the right forward corner of the base 30 immediately adjacent the forward cylinder, and it is connected to be drivenby shaft 57 through a universal or Oldham coupling 6l. From the distributer 62 .the wires 63 lead to the corresponding spark plugs 64 of the various cylinders,- the wires being carried lin the conduit 65 supported on the cover 15 or in any other suitable manner. From the engine casting or v separate spark plugs the usual return connection to the magneto is provided. The yshaft?, as will be seen from Fig. il, 'is supported by webs 66 cast in. the base 30,'the center web also extending down to support the end bearing 35 for the main shaft, the base being extended to'form a cover inclosing the `pinions 55, 56. At the opposite end ofthe vshaft 57, -there is rmounted in a bearing hanger 68, carried by the base 30, a ump-shaft 69, connected at one end with tile shaft 57 and at'the other endhaving the pump rotor 7() revolving in the pump casing 71. The pump casing 71 is connected with the discharge pipe 6 leading from the radiator and peripherally 'dis iis iso

charges the water into pipe 8, connected as before stated to the water jacket, v

It will be seen that an engine constructed according to this invention will have no exposed movingparts, such as gears, cams, valve lit'ts, etc., and that there will he a 'minimilm number ot' external pipes, linasmuch as inlet and exhaust manifolds are within the hlock cylinder casting, the 1nultiple water return pipe 'heretofore commonly used he-ing dispensed with in 2favor of asingleshort pipe connected between the t'orward end of the engine and the radiator.

Various modifications and 4clianpes may be made in the specific construction described without departing from the lscope of the invention.

The novel features el inlet and exhaust manifolds herein shon'n but not claimed,

are claimed in my c'opending,r application Serial Noi 533,554, tiled December i7, 1909, while the novel features of gearing?, for driving the, auxiliaries are claimed in Patent No. LHGSR, issued July 20, 1915, upon appli` cationS'erial No. 1759,62@ filed April 8, 1913, as a division hereof, while-novel f catures herein disclosed. Apertaining to an in-v charge outlet, said vcover being; adapted to lit the castingV in such manner as to bring said discharge, outlet at the saine end ot' the casting as said water jacket inlet, and means iithin the water jacket for causing a portionof the cooling' water to flow longitudr nally of the casting over the cylinders heore reaching said cover discharge.

2. In a multiple cylinder engine, plurality of cy ders, a water jackettor said cylinders op 1t the top, an inlet opening adjact-nt one'e d of said jacket, and a cover for said jacket liafing z; water-'passage therein opening outwardly at the end adjzrcent said inlet opening', and inwardly at the opposite end.

3. The combination in a multiple cylin der engine casting' comprising cylinders and a water jacket cast integrally, of a Water inlet at one end and a water outlet at the opposite end, and caille plates within said jacket and between said inlet and outlet for distributing and directing the flow to the various cylinders. l

4. The combination in a multiple cylinder engine casting comprising closed cylinders `and a water jacket open at the top cast integrally, of a water inlet atene end into the Awater jacket, a cover separable from the casting for closing the water jacket and having a passage therethrough opening toy therethrough, one end ot' said 'water passagev opening into the water jacket at one end and outwardly at the other end. j

6. In a multiple cylinder engine casting, a plurality of cylinderslan` integral water jacket surrouridingv Said cylinders and having a` water inlet at one end, a vcover for said jacket spaced above the cylinders receiving,r the flow therefrom at'the other end of said casting,l and having a discharge outlet atuits oppositeend.

1 7. A. casting for a` multiple cylinder explosion engine comprising at least four cylinders, an inlet Jfor each cylinder, a inani- 't'old inlet pipe integral vwith. the cylinders and connected to said inlets, a cooling` jacket outside said cylinders and manifold hating7 a water inlet adjacent onecnd, and a removable cover for said jacket receiving;- the flow therefrom at the other 'end of the casting .and having a discharge outlet at itsopposite end. A i 8. casting 'for ainultiple; cylinder explosion engine 'comprismgpat least touty cylf inders, an inletand an exhaust `tor each cylinder, manifold inlet and exhaust pipes integral with the cylinders and connected respectively to said inletsand exhausts, aI 'cooling jacket outside said cylinders and manifolds ha ving a vater inlet adjacent one enel, and a removable coverA for said 'jacket receiving the flow there'troni at the other end ol the casting and having a discharge outlet at its opposite end.lr

9. A casting for a multiple cylinderl explosion engine comprisinirat least tour cylinders, an inlet and an exhaust for each cylv index',l manifold inlet and -ekliaust pipes on one side of lsaid cylinders and inteffral there-v with connected respectively to said inlets and exhausts, a cooling jacket outside Saul cylinders and nmnitoldshaving a water inlet adjaccntgone end of said exhaust manifold, and a removable cover for said jacket receiving the flow therefrom at the other end ot the casting and having a discharge outlet at its opposite end. v

l0. 'lhe combination in a multiple cylindercngine casting comprisingI cylinders and a waterjacket cast integrally, of a water inlet at one end and a water outlet troni the jacket at the opposite end, and means within "I tially parallel vertical streams, whereby water of substantially 'the same temperature flows about each of said cylinders between said inlet andoutlet.

t ll. A water jacketed engme casting comprising a plurality of parallel cylinders having integral heads, a Waterujacket surrounding saidcylinders'and heads, a 'water lnlet l adjaceutone end and a Water outlet adjacent the other end, and means between each cylinder and the jacket for directing the flow of Water upwardly of said cylinders and longitudinally over said cylinder heads to said outlet.

12. A water jacketed engine casting comprising,r a plurality of parallel. cylinders having integral heads, a water jacket surrounding said cylinders and heads, a water inlet adjacent one end and a Water outlet adjacent the other end at different levels, and means between each cylinder and the jacket for directing the flow of water upwardly'of said cylinders and longitudinally over said cylinder heads to said outlet.

13. Infa multiple cylinder Water jacketed engine casting, a plurality of parallel cylinders havingintegral heads spaced within said jacket, a water inlet adjacent one end o'f the casting, means for causlng the Water from said inlet to How upwardly 1n parallel streams over 'each cylinder and merge in a stream flowing 1n the space over the tops of said cylinders, and a discharge outlet at the top of the opposite end of said casting,

whereby convection assists the water flow.

14. In a multiple cylinder water jacketed engine casting, a plurality of parallel cyl- `inders having integral heads spaced within l l5. In a multiple cylinder water jacketed engine casting, a plurality of parallel cylinders having integral heads spaced within. said jacket, a water inlet adjacent the bot tom of said water jacket at one end of the casting, means comprising vertical baiiies between said jacket and cylinders and between certain of said cylinders for causing the water from said inlet to flow upwardly in A parallel streams over each cylinder and merge in a stream flowing in the space over the tops of said cylinders, and a discharge outlet at the top of the opposite end oi said casting, whereby convection assists the water flow.

16. In a multiple cylinder engine casting, integral cylinders and heads, a water acket inclosing said cylinders, an inlet and an enf-'f' haust valve chamber foreach cylinder on one side of said casting Within sald water jacket, inlet and exhaust gas passa-ges Wlthin said water jacket and below said Valve chambers,

and valve stem guides formed in saidcasting between said inlet and exhaust gas passages. In testimony whereof I allix my signature,

in presence of two witnesses.

GUIDO FORNACA.. 

